What defect develops in the retina?

What is the problem with retina? Which is the defect?

• There are two layers which make retina; which separate apart from each other. A fluid collects between the two layers. Mostly it develops due to a tera or hole in the inner layer of the retina.
• Another problem is that when due diabetes of other diseases the blood vessels of retina become damaged, it results into three of following:
  • lack of blood supply which is called ischemia.
  • leakage from blood vessels which is called edema.
  • leakage of blood which is called retinal hemorrhage.
• These all problems result into decreased sensitivity of retina and decreased vision.
• The part of retina which is mostly affected by all these is the central part which is called macula.
  • The damage to macula results into difficulty in recognizing objects; especially near vision and and fine distant vision.
  • The objects may look distorted.
• The lack of blood supply (ischemia) leads to formation of membranes on the retina. The membranes are abnormal growth and the blood vessels supplying to these membranes are very fragile. They bleed as a results of any minor insult. Pre-retinal hemorrhages, and vitreous hemorrhages are very common in patients who have such membranes.
• The membranes extend to anterior chamber angle and thus very resistant glaucoma results.
• Very dangerous complication of these membranes is that they cause traction on the retina which leads to retinal detachment.
• Even they contract and tear some part of retina and a hole of break develops.